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Buckhalt, Joseph A., Ph.D., , Psychology Today, posted Feb. 27, 2017.

In his discussion, Dr. Buckhalt referenced the , Minnesota. Available is a bank of archived information from the study undertaken by that district, including a .

In late 2017, Dr. Buckhalt posted a second article, “.” In that discussion, Dr. Buckhalt looked at a much larger urban district in Boston. In fact, Learning Curve reported in December, 2017, “.” A follow-up discussion by Arun Rath, “What Earlier School Start Times Mean for Young Brains,” was published in February of this year (2018).

CBS News Report, “?” online, video content.

Campbell, Ian G., Ph.D., and Irwin Feinberg, M.D., Special to the Enterprise, “Later school times? Not so fast,” Enterprise, online March 5, 2015.

Chervin, Ronald, M.D., M.S., and Haley Otman, “,” online, Michigan Health, August 18, 2017.

Cline, John, Ph.D., “Do Later School Start Times Really help High School ÅÝܽÊÓƵapps?” published online, Psychology Today, February 27, 2011.

Figlio, David, “,” Brookings. Dr. Figlio is Dean, The School of Education and Social Policy at Northwestern University. Dr. Figlio cites these sources:

• Brian Jacob and Jonah Rockoff, “,” Hamilton Project Discussion Paper 2011-08, September 2011.
• See, e.g., Josephine Arendt, “,” New England Journal of Medicine, 2000.
• See, e.g., Mary Carskadon, Christine Acebo, and Oskar Jenni, “,” Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 2004.
• American Academy of Pediatrics, Adolescent Sleep Working Group and Committee on Adolescence, “,” Pediatrics, 2014.
• National Center for Education Statistics, “,” 2012.
• Martha Hansen, Imke Janssen, Adam Schiff, Phyllis Zee, and Margarita Dubocovich, “,” Pediatrics, 2005.
• Scott Carrell, Teny Maghakian, and James West, “,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2011.
• Finley Edwards, “,” Economics of Education Review, 2012.
• For instance, Peter Hinrichs, “,” Education Finance and Policy, 2011, found no benefits in terms of ACT scores. Kyla Wahlstrom, “,” NASSP Bulletin, 2002, found improvements in other student outcomes.
• Jennifer Heissel and Samuel Norris, “,” Journal of Human Resources, published online before print, April 19, 2017. (In the interest of full disclosure, I was Heissel’s Ph.D. dissertation adviser and I am also editor-in-chief of the Journal of Human Resources, where this paper was published. However, the paper was handled from start to finish by a different Coeditor, and I had no influence over the publication process.)
• Nolan Pope, “How the Time of Day Affects Productivity: Evidence from School Schedules,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 2016.

Keller, Peggy S., “,” American Psychological Association, June 14, 2014.

• Gail Hairston cited Dr. Keller’s work, in “?” University of Kentucky, online August 26, 2014.

“” published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, highlighting these referenced studies:

• Crowley SJ, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence. Sleep Med. 2007;8:602–12.
• Bartel KA, Gradisar M, Williamson P. Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: a meta-analytic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2014;21:72–85.
• Knutson KL, Lauderdale DS. Sociodemographic and behavioral predictors of bed time and wake time among US adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. J Pediatr. 2009;154:426–30, 30 e1.

Keller, PS, et al, , Sleep Health (2017).

Long, Cindy, “?” neaToday, online, March 20, 2014.

, published online in Master of Arts in Teaching Guide, 2018.

Moore, Linda A., and Jennifer Pignolet, “?” USA Today Network, online August 17, 2017.

Morin, Amy, LCSW, “,” online at verywellfamily.com, February 20, 2018.

Related Posts:

Malatesta, Elizabeth, “Let Them Sleep? Later School Start Times Improve Graduation and Attendance Rates,” online April 13, 2017.

Walker, Tim, “’” online September 20, 2015.

Oxford University Press USA. "." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 April 2018. 

Richmond, Emily, “,” The Atlantic, online August 17, 2015.

Rubin, Rita, “Studies About Later School Start Times May Be ‘Weak,’ But Move Likely Would Help Teens Sleep Better,” Forbes, online Dec. 27, 2016.

St. George, Donna, “,” The Washington Post, online January 1, 2017.

Trafford, Bernard, an opinion piece ,” online TES, April 2, 2017.

University of Surrey. "Mathematicians predict delaying school start times won't help sleep deprived teenagers." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 March 2017. 

Wahlstrom, Kyla L., “, “Phi Delta Kappan 98(4), 8-14, kappanonline.org, originally published in December 2016/January 2017.

Dr. Wahlstrom is a senior research fellow and lecturer in the College of Education and Human Development at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Dr. Wahlstrom’s cited references include: Carskadon, M.A., Acebo, C., & Jenni, O. (2004). Regulation of adolescent sleep: Implications for behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 276-291.

• Jenni O., Achermann P., & Carskadon M. (2005). Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep, 28(11), 1446-1454.
• McKnight-Eily, L.R., Eaton, D.K., Lowry, R., Croft, J.B., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Perry, G.S. (2011). Relationships between hours of sleep and health-risk behaviors in U.S. adolescent students. Preventive Medicine, 53,271-273.
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (n.d.). Teen drivers: Additional resources. Washington, DC: Author. .
• Wahlstrom, K. (1999, January). The prickly politics of school starting times. Phi Delta Kappan, 80(5), 344-347.
• Wahlstrom, K. (2002, December). Changing times: Findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bulletin, 86(633), 3-21.
• Wahlstrom, K., Dretzke, B., Gordon, M., Peterson, K., Edwards, K., & Gdula, J. (2014). Examining the impact of later school start times on the health and academic performance of high school students: A multisite study.St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement. .

Watson, Nathaniel F., “ health,” published online, Healio, April 21, 2017.

See also:

“.”

Weller, Chris, “, Business Insider, online October 16, 2016.

Weller, Chris, “, Business Insider, online September 5, 2017.

• Weller’s sources included:
  1. The Rand Corporation’s study, “.”
  2. Hafner, Marco and Martin Stepanek, et al, “,” Nov. 30, 2016.

Marco Hafner is a senior economic and research leader at RAND Europe working on employment, education, and social policy research, reporting “,” online August 2017.

Marco Hafner, et al, “,” online October 31, 2017.